“星际之门”（Stargate）项目，在美国政府的背景下，主要指冷战时期一项旨在探索心灵现象（psi），特别是遥视（Remote Viewing, RV）在情报收集中应用的机密研究。该项目在1991年统一命名为“星际之门”之前，曾使用过多个代号，如SCANATE、GRILL FLAME和SUN STREAK [1, 2]。本内容聚焦于此历史项目，因其拥有大量解密文献和分析资料。
需注意的是，近期（2025年）宣布的“星际之门有限责任公司”或“星际之门项目”是一个预算高达数千亿美金的人工智能基础设施建设项目，由OpenAI、软银等联合发起 [3, 4]。尽管名称相同，其目标与历史上的心灵研究项目有本质区别。此外，还有始于1994年的同名科幻影视系列《星际之门》[5, 6]。
历史上的“星际之门”心灵研究项目，跨越二十余年（约1970年代初至1995年），主要目标是调查“异常精神现象”（AMP），核心是遥视（RV），旨在确定其在军事和情报行动中的潜在应用 [1, 2, 7, 8, 9]。项目涉及中央情报局（CIA）、国防情报局（DIA）及美国陆军等多个政府实体，主要研究承包商为斯坦福国际研究院（SRI）和科学应用国际公司（SAIC）[1, 2, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12]。尽管有参与者声称取得操作成功和实验室的显著统计结果，项目最终于1995年因美国科研机构（AIR）的评估报告指出其缺乏实用价值和科学依据而被终止 [1, 2, 8, 13, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]。
Project Stargate, along with its precursor and sister programs such as SCANATE, GRILL FLAME, and SUN STREAK, represents a significant and controversial chapter in the history of U.S. government-sponsored research. Spanning more than two decades, from the early 1970s until its termination in 1995, these initiatives were primarily dedicated to the investigation of "anomalous mental phenomena" (AMP). The core focus was on a purported psychic ability known as "remote viewing" (RV), with the overarching objective of determining its potential applications in military and intelligence operations.[1, 2, 7, 8, 9]
It is important to note that a more recent "Stargate Project" or "Stargate LLC," announced around 2025, refers to a multi-hundred-billion-dollar artificial intelligence infrastructure project involving entities like OpenAI and SoftBank.[3, 4] This is distinct from the historical parapsychological research program. Additionally, a popular science fiction franchise also shares the "Stargate" name, beginning in 1994.[5, 6]
The historical Project Stargate involved multiple government entities, including the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), and various branches of the U.S. Army. Scientific research was largely outsourced to civilian contractors, principally Stanford Research Institute (SRI) and later Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC).[1, 2, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12] Despite anecdotal accounts of operational successes and some laboratory findings suggesting statistically significant results, Project Stargate was terminated in 1995 following a critical evaluation by the American Institutes for Research (AIR), which concluded that remote viewing had not demonstrated tangible operational utility for intelligence gathering.[1, 2, 8, 13, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]
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20世纪70年代初，美国情报界获悉苏联在“精神电子学”方面投入巨资，引发美国严重关切，并促使其启动相应研究项目以应对潜在的“心灵军备竞赛”[1, 7, 8, 9]。对苏联在该未知领域可能取得突破的担忧，是美国启动并持续研究的关键驱动力。
美国政府的心灵现象研究经历了多个阶段和代号：SCANATE (1970, CIA资助) [1]；SRI的研究 (1972始) [1, 7, 13]；陆军的Gondola Wish (1977) 和 GRILL FLAME (1978) [1, 2, 9]；CENTER LANE (1983) [1, 2]；DIA的SUN STREAK (1985) [2, 9, 10]；最终在1991年统一为STARGATE项目，主要承包商转为SAIC [1, 2]。1995年项目移交CIA评估并终止 [1, 7]。
项目的主要目标包括：通过遥视等手段搜集情报 [1, 7, 10]；科学调查心灵现象的潜力和局限性 [10, 19]；评估外国（特别是苏联）在超心理学领域研究的威胁 [1, 10, 19]。
The genesis of Project Stargate is rooted in the Cold War. In the early 1970s, U.S. intelligence agencies grew concerned about reported Soviet investments in "psychotronics," fearing a "psychic arms race".[1, 7, 8, 9] This apprehension was a key driver for U.S. research initiatives.
U.S. government research into psychic phenomena evolved through several programs: SCANATE (1970, CIA-funded) [1]; SRI research (from 1972) [1, 7, 13]; the Army's Gondola Wish (1977) and GRILL FLAME (1978) [1, 2, 9]; CENTER LANE (1983) [1, 2]; and the DIA's SUN STREAK (1985).[2, 9, 10] These were consolidated into Project STARGATE in 1991, with SAIC as a primary contractor.[1, 2] The CIA took over for evaluation and termination in 1995.[1, 7]
The core objectives included: intelligence collection using remote viewing [1, 7, 10]; scientific investigation into the potential and limitations of psychic phenomena [10, 19]; and assessing foreign threats in parapsychology, particularly from the Soviet Union.[1, 10, 19]
遥视（Remote Viewing, RV）被定义为一种利用超感官知觉（ESP）或异常认知来获取远距离或不可见目标信息的能力 [9, 13]。SRI的方法论从使用传统泽纳卡片发展到实地试验和坐标遥视（CRV），即仅给予遥视者目标的地理坐标 [10, 20, 21]。遥视者训练旨在系统化提升其“精神能量技能”[9]。
目标类型从早期的泽纳卡片、杂志图片，发展到实地地理位置乃至仅有坐标的军事和情报目标 [20]。评估方法也相应演变，包括命中率统计、等级排序、问卷调查，以及后续采用的“模糊集分析”等数学方法来量化成功度 [13, 20]。
Remote viewing (RV) was defined as the purported ability to acquire information about a distant or unseen target using extrasensory perception (ESP) or anomalous cognition.[9, 13] SRI's methodology evolved from using Zener cards to field trials and Coordinate Remote Viewing (CRV), where viewers were given only geographic coordinates.[10, 20, 21] Training aimed to systematize "psychoenergetic skills".[9]
Targets ranged from early Zener cards and magazine pictures to actual geographical locations and eventually military/intelligence targets identified only by coordinates.[20] Assessment methods evolved from hit-rate statistics and rank-ordering to questionnaires and later mathematical approaches like "Fuzzy Set Analysis" to quantify success.[13, 20]
据报道，到1995年，项目已执行数百个情报收集项目，涉及数千次遥视会话 [8, 22]。遥视通常在常规情报手段用尽后作为“最后手段”使用 [1]。任务范围包括军事行动、设施、人员、技术装备、定位人质、追踪逃犯等 [7, 8, 9]。
参与者声称的成功案例包括：定位苏联坠毁的轰炸机、识别苏联新型潜艇的建造、协助定位被绑架的杜泽尔将军 [23, 24]；1979年GRILL FLAME项目据称在15英里范围内定位了坠毁飞机 [9]；以及协助追踪在逃的前海关官员查尔斯·乔丹（尽管此案存在争议）[7, 8, 25]。
尽管有成功声索，但遥视信息的模糊性、缺乏可操作性以及难以客观验证是持续的挑战 [1, 2, 8, 9, 13, 11, 12, 26, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 22]。AIR报告明确指出，没有任何遥视报告曾为情报行动提供可据以采取行动的情报 [1, 2]。
By 1995, Project Stargate had reportedly conducted several hundred intelligence collection projects involving thousands of remote viewing sessions.[8, 22] RV was often a "tool of last resort" when conventional methods failed.[1] Missions included military operations, facilities, personnel, technology, locating hostages, and tracking fugitives.[7, 8, 9]
Claimed successes by participants included locating a downed Soviet bomber, identifying a new Soviet submarine class, and assisting in locating kidnapped General Dozier.[23, 24] A 1979 GRILL FLAME mission reportedly located a crashed plane within fifteen miles.[9] The case of tracking fugitive Charles Jordan is also cited, though disputed.[7, 8, 25]
Despite claims, the vagueness and lack of actionability of RV data were persistent issues.[1, 2, 8, 9, 13, 11, 12, 26, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 22] The AIR report concluded that no RV report had ever provided actionable intelligence for an operation.[1, 2]
1995年，CIA委托AIR进行评估。评估小组包括统计学家杰西卡·乌茨和心理学家雷·海曼 [1, 13]。乌茨认为数据显示了统计学上显著的效应，表明心灵现象存在 [1, 13, 27]。海曼则认为结论为时过早，发现未得到独立重复验证，命中可能源于合理猜测和主观验证 [1, 13, 28]。AIR的总体结论是遥视未能证明通过心灵机制运作，且在操作上未能提供可操作情报 [1, 2, 12]。
批评者如大卫·马克斯指出实验存在感官泄漏、缺乏独立重复、控制不足和主观验证等问题 [1, 2, 13]。埃德温·梅作为项目前负责人，则严厉批评AIR评估的方法和结论，认为其结果是预设的 [29]。
In 1995, the CIA commissioned AIR to evaluate Stargate. The panel included statistician Dr. Jessica Utts and psychologist Dr. Ray Hyman.[1, 13] Utts found statistically significant effects, suggesting psychic functioning was established.[1, 13, 27] Hyman argued these conclusions were premature, citing lack of independent replication and potential for guessing/subjective validation.[1, 13, 28] AIR's overall finding was that RV had not been proven to work psychically and provided no actionable intelligence.[1, 2, 12]
Critics like David Marks highlighted flaws such as sensory leakage, lack of replication, insufficient controls, and subjective validation.[1, 2, 13] Former program director Edwin May strongly criticized the AIR report's methodology and conclusions, alleging a predetermined negative outcome.[29]
基于AIR的评估，CIA于1995年终止了耗资约2000万美元的“星际之门”项目 [1, 2, 7, 8, 13, 20, 11, 12, 26, 30, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 31]。相关文件随后分批解密，特别是2017年通过CIA的CREST档案库大量公开 [1, 7, 12, 30]。
“星际之门”项目留下了复杂的遗产。对超心理学研究而言，它既提供了研究案例，也因负面评价带来一些消极影响 [1, 9, 13, 20, 32, 33, 29, 34, 22, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46]。对情报界，它提供了管理非常规研究、应对“认知差距”恐慌及评估模糊信息等方面的教训 [9, 47, 48, 49, 50, 17, 51, 52]。项目解密也引发了公众的广泛兴趣和文化影响，包括启发了《凝视山羊的人》等作品 [1, 2, 6, 9, 33, 53, 54, 55, 17, 18, 56, 22, 31, 57, 58]。
历史上的“星际之门”心灵研究项目，是冷战背景下对非常规情报手段的一次大胆但最终被认为失败的探索。其“未来价值和意义”更多体现在历史教训层面，警示后人需审慎对待高度投机性的研究，并坚持科学方法的严谨性。而新兴的同名AI项目则代表了21世纪科技竞争的新前沿，两者都反映了人类探索未知的持久冲动。
Based on the AIR evaluation, the CIA terminated Project Stargate in 1995. The project had cost an estimated $20 million.[1, 2, 7, 8, 13, 20, 11, 12, 26, 30, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 31] Documents were subsequently declassified, notably in 2017 via the CIA's CREST archive.[1, 7, 12, 30]
Project Stargate left a complex legacy. For parapsychology, it provided research cases but also negative publicity due to its official failure.[1, 9, 13, 20, 32, 33, 29, 34, 22, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46] For the intelligence community, it offered lessons in managing unconventional research, addressing "cognitive gap" panics, and evaluating ambiguous information.[9, 47, 48, 49, 50, 17, 51, 52] Declassification fueled public interest and cultural impact, inspiring works like "The Men Who Stare at Goats".[1, 2, 6, 9, 33, 53, 54, 55, 17, 18, 56, 22, 31, 57, 58]
The historical Project Stargate was a bold Cold War-era exploration of unconventional intelligence methods that was ultimately deemed a failure. Its "future value and significance" lie primarily in its historical lessons regarding speculative research and scientific rigor. The newer AI project of the same name represents a new frontier of 21st-century technological competition. Both reflect humanity's enduring drive to explore the unknown.