Level 1: Criminal Fraud
Case: Garlic. Zero capital investment, pure document forgery and smuggling. The inevitable result of astronomical tariffs (>300%) persisting for decades. Compliant players exit; gamblers enter.
Level 2: Simple Transshipment
Case: Steel/Aluminum. Low capital investment. Utilizing "minimal processing" hubs to bypass Rules of Origin. This is the fiercest battleground between regulators and evasion tactics.
Level 3: Complex Layout
Case: Solar. High capital investment. Offshoring entire supply chains. This transcends simple evasion, becoming a restructuring of global labor, often forcing policymakers to compromise.